Receiver driers are used on TXV thermal expansion valve systems. They are similar in operation to the accumulator used on the fixed orifice tube system because they both remove moisture from the system. There are some key differences though, this part is located on the high side of the system between the condenser and the evaporator. You may recall that the accumulator is located on the low side between the evaporator and the compressor on fixed orifice tube air conditioning systems.
The receiver drier is a liquid storage tank for the refrigerant coming from the condenser. This insures that the necessary liquid refrigerant is consistently supplied to the TXV under all operating conditions. At the most demanding times of the day the opening expansion valve relies on this storage tank to provide the evaporator core its supply of liquid refrigerant.
The receiver drier also contains a desiccant capable of absorbing moisture from the refrigerant and a filter that collects any unwanted debris in the system. Please note that any time this desiccant is exposed to the atmosphere it will absorb moisture and humidity from the air and must be replaced. Also any time the compressor is replaced the receiver drier must be replaced as well. This is because any debris in the system from the compressor is trapped in the filter located inside the drier.
Refrigerant from the condenser enters the receiver drier through the inlet port. The vapor rises to the top while the heavier liquid refrigerant drops to the bottom. It passes through the filter and desiccant and is then stored in the bottom of the tank. As the expansion valve opens and closes the liquid refrigerant is drawn into the outlet port tube, through the high pressure line, and onto the TXV.
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