Mary Anderson - First Windshield Wiper Inventor

Anyone who's ever driven in a rain or snow storm can attest to the dire importance of windshield wipers. What a lot of people don't know is that windshield wipers were invented by a woman. Inventor Mary Anderson received a patent for her car-window cleaning device in 1903.

Anderson's invention came about during a trip to New York City when the Alabama-born inventor noticed that streetcar drivers had to open the windows of their cars when it rained in order to see. As a solution, Anderson invented a swinging arm device with a rubber blade that was operated by the driver from within the vehicle using a lever.

Many people were initially leery of Anderson's windshield wiper invention, thinking it would distract drivers, but by 1916 windshield wipers were standard on most vehicles. It was also a woman inventor who first patented the automatic windshield wiper in 1917 (Charlotte Bridgwood's "Storm Windshield Cleaner").

About Fuel Gauge We Need to Know

As diagram, we are often confused which place refill petrol for our cars. Especially when we just bought a new car or borrow a friend's car.

So with this, the fuel indicator there is a symbol pointing towards the left or the right car. With the availability of this symbol, we need not looked out the window of the car to find out where the place to refill petrol for cars.

Some vehicle use shape of triangle symbol to show the side of  the place to refill petrol for car.

How To Jump Start With Correct Method

Ferrari Pen

Ferrari Formula 1 Timeline

Sistem Pelinciran

Lubricating System

Adakah Tayar Baru Dibeli AdalahTayar Keluaran Baru?!

Jika anda disebuah kedai tayar kereta, pelbagai jenis tayar dari segi jenama dan harga diperkenalkan pada anda oleh penjual ataupun mekanik tayar sehingga membuat anda pening untuk membuat pilihan. 

Persoalannya, adakah apa yang diterangkan oleh penjual dan mekanik tayar adalah benar ataupun sekadar mahu menjual tayar kepada para pelanggan dengan kata-kata yang manis bersertakan pujukan.

Oleh itu, saya akan berkongsi dengan anda sedikit infomasi tentang sesebuah tayar kereta bagi memudahkan anda membuat keputusan ketika ingin membeli tayar baru. 

Cara Membaca Tahun Tayar Dikeluarkan

Di kawasan tepi tayar akan dipaparkan 4 nombor dimana maklumat tahun dan minggu tayar tersebut dikeluarkan oleh pengeluar. 1604 bermaksud:
16 = Minggu dikeluarkan iaitu pada bulan 4 ( minggu akhir April ) 
04 = Tahun dikeluarkan iaitu 2004

Maksud setiap huruf dan nombor pada sebuah tayar kereta.

Jenis Tayar

Huruf P menandakan bahawa tayar adalah tayar kenderaan penumpang (passangger). Beberapa huruf lain seperti LT untuk trak ringan (light truck), dan T untuk tayar sementara, atau ganti (spare tyre).

Lebar tayar

235 adalah lebar tayar dalam milimeter (mm), diukur dari sisi ke sisi. 

Nisbah Aspek

Nombor ini memberitahu anda ketinggian tayar, dari manik (bead) ke atas bunga (thread). Ini digambarkan sebagai peratusan daripada lebar tayar. Dalam contoh kita, nisbah aspek 75, jadi ketinggian tayar adalah 75 peratus daripada lebarnya, atau 176,25 mm (0,75 x 235 = 176,25 mm, atau 6,94 dalam). Lebih kecil nisbah aspek, lebih luas tayar berhubung dengan ketinggian.

Pembinaan tayar

R menandakan bahawa tayar telah dibuat menggunakan pembinaan jejarian (radial). Ini adalah jenis yang paling biasa pembinaan tayar. Lama tayar telah dibuat menggunakan berat sebelah pepenjuru (D) atau berat sebelah belted (B) pembinaan. Satu nota berasingan menunjukkan berapa banyak Plies membentuk sisi tayar dan bunga.

Rim Diameter

Nombor ini menyatakan, dalam inci, diameter roda rim tayar direka untuk.

Load Index bermaksud berat yang mampu ditampung oleh sebuah tayar berikut. Jika papar 89H pada tayar anda ingin beli, ini bermaksud tayar anda mampu menampung seberat 580 Kg.

Speed rating adalah maklumat tentang kemampuan atau keupayaan sesebuah tayar bagi kelajuan yang ditempuhi. Contoh: 89H bermaksud = tayar tersebut sesuai untuk kelajuan sehingga 210 km/h.

Diharap sedikit maklumat tentang sebuah tayar yang dikongsi dapat membantu anda membuat pilihan yang tepat dan paling penting anda berpuas hati. 

Kenapa Perlu Hidupkan Enjin Sebelum Mulakan Perjalanan?

Pada setiap pagi sebelum memulakan perjalanan anda samaada anda ingin pergi ke pejabat, menghantar anak kesekolah dan sebagainya mesti anda pernah terdengar nasihat daripada rakan, jiran atau mekanik bahawa anda perlu menghidupkan enjin sekurang-kurangnya 1 minit atau 30saat sebelum memulakan perjalanan anda. Pernahkah anda tertanya apakah faktor utama nasihat ini diperkatakan?

Kebanyakkan pendapat mengatakan bahawa enjin perlu panas dahulu sebelum memulakan perjalanan. Adakah ini benar???!!!

Jawapan yang sebenar untuk persoalan ini adalah kerana Sistem Pelinciran kenderaan anda.

Apa itu sistem pelinciran?
Sistem pelinciran adalah bermaksud penggunaan minyak enjin yang bertujuan untuk mengurangkan geseran pada komponen-komponen enjin yang bergerak dalam enjin. Nama lain yang sering kita dengar bagi minyak enjin adalah ''minyak hitam''.

Mengapa perlu hidupkan enjin sebelum memulakan perjalanan?
Semasa kenderaan kita tidak beroperasi terutamanya pada waktu malam, minyak enjin telah mengalir hampir 90% ke bahagian bawah enjin (oil pan). Komponen-komponen bergerak di bahagian atas enjin tidak dipenuhi dengan pelinciran. Oleh itu, apabila permulaan enjin dihidupkan, enjin dalam keadaan bebas beban (idling speed) dimana minyak enjin yang berada dibawah (oil pan) akan di pam keatas dengan bantuan oil pam dan akan melalui oil filter dahulu bertujuan untuk menapis segala kekotoran terdahulu sebelum sampai pada komponen-komponen bergerak bahagian atas enjin yang amat sensitif dengan bendasing. Rujuk gambar dibawah:

Bagaimana dengan perakhiran perjalanan?

Semasa anda sampai ke destinasi yang ingin dituju, sebelum mematikan enjin kenderaan anda perlu pastikan untuk menunggu sekurang-kurangnya 1 minit atau 30 saat sebelum mematikan enjin. Jika anda melalui perjalanan jarak jauh, pastikan anda membiarkan enjin dalam keadaan idling speed selama 2-4 minit sebelum mematikan enjin. Ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengawal semula dan meredakan pergolakan atau kocakan dalam enjin semasa perjalanan. Kebanyakkan kenderaan sekarang memasang aksesori turbo timer dimana kereta akan mati enjin secara automatik selepas pemasaan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemandu berakhir walaupun kunci telah dikeluarkan dan pintu juga telah dikunci.

Engine Technology

Engine

Air Cond System

Air Cond

Turbocharger - Basics Principle

Turbocharger - Basics Principle

Operation Manual Acs 650

Operation Manual Acs 650

What Are the Functions of Glow Plugs?

We always said glow plug use to heating the air, but we are wrong because the truth is.......

Warm the Engine

• The most important function of the glow plug is to help warm the engine during cold periods. The diesel engine requires a lot of heat to operate consistently, as the diesel fuel will only fire if it is compressed heavily. This isn't a problem during warm periods or if the engine has been running awhile. However, if your diesel engine has been sitting around in cold weather for a long period of time, the engine block will get very cold. The cold engine block will suck up all the heat when you try to start the engine, causing it to struggle to start. A glow plug sticks just a bit out into the firing chamber. It will use battery power to heat itself up excessively, which will then cause the rest of the engine block to warm up. A glow plug can cause the engine block to heat to 800 degrees Celsius, greatly improving the engine's ability to start.

Reduce Emissions

• Diesel engines create a whitish blue smoke while they burn. This is caused by the burning diesel fuel creating fumes which are harmful to the environment. Glow plugs help reduce these emissions by up to 49 percent by creating a more efficient burning environment. With a warmer engine, the fuel will be burned more easily and will be "optimized," meaning it will be burned more smoothly and fully, eliminating much of the smoke after-affect of running a diesel engine. This is because the glow plug will still be incredibly hot after starting the engine. It will slowly cool down as the engine drives, but the extra heat caused by the cooling plug as well as the remaining heat left from heating the engine block will help the fuel burn more efficiently than it would otherwise.

Reduce Noise

• Early diesel engines were incredibly loud. The pistons ran less smoothly than in gasoline engine pistons, which created a din of poorly moving pistons. They were especially loud when cold, as the fuel would burn much less efficiently, increasing the noise. However, while diesel engines are still louder than gasoline engines, glow plugs have helped increase the efficiency of the fuel burning and thus reduced the noise created by the engine running.

Sorry because the blog are not updating this few days. Because I'm now attend the Bosch Automotive Training Courses. Soon I'll continue updating the blog. Thank you to all of you.

Maaf diucapkan kepada semuakerana saya tidak mengemas kini laman blog saya beberapa hari ini kerana saya perlu menghadiri kursus Latihan Automotive Bosch pada masa ini. Saya akan menyambung semula blog ini setelah tamat kursus ini. Terima Kasih kepada anda semua.

Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM)

Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia ( SKM )

Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia merupakan salah satu fungsi utama Jabatan Pembangunan Kemahiran (JPK). Persijilan ini menawarkan lima (5) tahap persijilan iaitu :

 Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) Tahap 1
 Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) Tahap 2     
 Sijil Kemahiran Malaysia (SKM) Tahap 3
 Diploma Kemahiran Malaysia (DKM) Tahap 4
 Diploma Lanjutan Kemahiran Malaysia (DLKM) Tahap 5

Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia boleh didapati melalui tiga (3) kaedah:

1. Melalui Latihan di Institusi yang Diiktiraf
Kaedah melalui program latihan kemahiran di pusat-pusat bertauliah JPK bagi bidang & tahap kemahiran yang tertentu dan telah ditauliahkan.

Contoh: Kolej Despark Auto (Pusat Bertauliah) menawarkan kemahiran dalam sektor kemahiran Teknologi Automotif Tahap 1, 2 & 3.

Para pelatih akan diajar kemahiran membaiki dan menservis kenderaan (70%) dan diajar teori operasi sistem serta komponen bagi sesebuah kereta (30%).

Kemudahan dan teknologi terkini disediakan bagi meningkatkan lagi kemahiran para pelatih mengikut peredaran semasa teknologi automotif.

2. Melalui Latihan Berorientasikan Industri (SLDN)

Kaedah latihan perantisan dalam Sistem Latihan Dual Nasional (SLDN) yang dijalankan di industri dan institut latihan kemahiran.

3. Melalui Pentauliahan Pencapaian Terdahulu (PPT)Kaedah mendapatkan Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia melalui pengalaman lalu (kerja atau latihan) tanpa perlu menduduki ujian.
Calon dikehendaki mengemukakan bukti-bukti ketrampilan yang telah dimiliki untuk dinilai oleh Pegawai Penilai dan disahkan oleh Pengawai Pengesah Luaran yang dilantik JPK.

Faedah Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia

 Persijilan Kemahiran diiktiraf oleh industri di Malaysia

 Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia menyediakan suatu laluan kerjaya dan pembangunan diri yang menarik setanding dengan laluan kerjaya berasaskan kelayakan akademik.

 Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia berupaya melahirkan pekerja mahir yang terlatih dan berkelayakan untuk mempertingkatkan daya saing industri tempatan di pasaran dunia.

Syarat Kelayakan Menyertai Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia

Syarat minimum menyertai latihan Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia Kaedah Pertauliahan melalui Institusi Latihan yang diiktiraf, calon-calon mestilah :

 Boleh bertutur dan menulis dalam Bahasa Melayu atau Bahasa Inggeris

 Mempunyai SKM tahap yang lebih rendah untuk menyertai SKM tahap yang lebih tinggi dalam bidang kursus yang sama.

(* Walau bagaimanapun, Pusat Bertauliah boleh menetapkan lain-lain syarat kepada pelatih-pelatih mereka)

Pusat Bertauliah Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia

Pusat Bertauliah bererti penyedia latihan kemahiran yang telah diluluskan oleh  JPK untuk mengendali latihan kemahiran dan menawarkan Persijilan Kemahiran Malaysia bagi bidang dan tahap kemahiran tertentu berdasarkan Standard Kemahiran Pekerjaan Kebangsaan (NOSS).Terdapat 5 kategori Pusat Bertauliah, iaitu:-

• Pusat Bertauliah Awam (K)
• Pusat Bertauliah Swasta (L)
• Pusat Bertauliah Industri (I)
• Pusat Bertauliah Persatuan (P)
• Pusat Bertauliah Ujian Tanpa Musnah (NDT)

KERETA MERDEKA PERTAMA

Tunku menaiki sebuah kereta berwarna hitam, tidak berbumbung, bernombor plet : M 4442. Kereta ini dipinjam oleh Encik Gaffar Baba daripada seorang tauke cina di Melaka.

Usaha menjejaki kereta klasik model Nash Rambler Custom Covertible 1951 seperti yang digunakan Perdana Menteri pertama,Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj, ketika pengisytiharan tarikh kemerdekaan Persekutuan Tanah Melayu di Padang Banda Hilir, Melaka, 20 Februari 1956, berhasil apabila kereta itu ditemui di Ohio, Amerika Syarikat (AS).

Kereta bernilai RM171,000 itu kemudian dibeli daripada syarikat Motocar Portfolio di Ohio, AS, menerusi ejen Bumiputera yang dilantik, Faroib Enterprise Sdn Bhd dengan kerjasama Arkib Negara Malaysia (ANM), yang menjejakinya sejak awal bulan lalu.

Kereta itu dibawa menerusi penerbangan kargo Federal Express dan mengambil masa selama 17 hari bermula dari tarikh pengesahan pembelian di pusat jualan di Ohio, (AS), sebelum singgah di perhentian terakhir di Subic Bay, Filipina, kelmarin.

Kereta itu akan digunakan pada perarakan konvoi kemerdekaan ke-50 bermula di Lapangan Terbang Batu Berendam ke Dataran Pahlawan di Melaka Jumaat ini dan dinaiki Perdana Menteri, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi; Ketua Menteri Melaka, Datuk Seri Mohd Ali Rustam Menteri Kebudayaan, Kesenian dan Warisan, Datuk Seri Dr Rais Yatim, bagi mengimbau kembali detik-detik bersejarah itu.

Dr Rais berkata, pada awalnya usaha mendapatkan kereta itu menghadapi pelbagai kesukaran berikutan syarikat terbabit tidak bersetuju menjual kereta terbabit kerana pernah digunakan dalam filem Superman dan menjadi rebutan banyak pihak.

“Namun, selepas rundingan dibuat, syarikat terbabit bersetuju menjualnya. Bagaimanapun, kami masih menghadapi kesukaran membawa pulang kereta terbabit termasuk mendapatkan kelulusan Kastam di Amerika, pesawat yang sesuai untuk membawa dan soal teknikal.

“Sepanjang tempoh itu juga kereta terbabit turut melalui pelbagai proses pengesahan dokumen di Detroit, Chicago Anchorage (Alaska) dan Tokyo, Jepun bagi urusan pengesahan dokumen pembelian dan pemeriksaan Kastam,” katanya pada sidang media selepas menyaksikan ketibaan kereta terbabit di MASkargo di sini, semalam.

Hadir sama Ketua Setiausaha kementeriannya, Datuk Zakiah Ahmad dan Ketua Pengarah Arkib Negara, Sidek Jamil.

Selain itu, Dr Rais berkata, kereta terbabit juga akan melalui beberapa proses penyelenggaraan menyeluruh bagi memastikannya dalam keadaan sempurna ketika digunakan, termasuk mengecat semula kereta itu daripada hijau kepada warna asal pada 1956 iaitu hitam.

Ditanya mengenai harganya yang begitu mahal, Dr Rais berkata langkah membawa kereta itu adalah tepat bagi mengimbau kembali peristiwa bersejarah itu.

“Nilai warisan tidak ada harganya, Malaysia sudah memberi pelbagai kecemerlangan kepada kita.

“Apalah sangat nilai RM171,000 itu, jika dibandingkan usaha mengingati kembali rentetan sejarah yang memberi kebanggaan kepada kita dalam mengingati kepayahan pemimpin terdulu mencapai kemerdekaan,” katanya.

Kereta klasik yang dinamakan sebagai ‘Kereta Merdeka’ kali ini akan menggunakan nombor pendaftaran M4442 iaitu nombor yang sama dengan kereta yang dinaiki Tunku Abdul Rahman ketika itu.

Bosch Automotive History 1902

1902

Delivery of the first high-voltage magneto ignition system with Bosch spark plugs.The first high-voltage magneto ignition system with Bosch spark plugs was delivered to Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft in 1902. The previous year, Robert Bosch had asked his development engineer Gottlob Honold to improve the design of the low-voltage magneto ignition device so that it could do without its break-spark rodding, a high-maintenance component prone to breakdowns. Robert Bosch was very impressed when, in the same year, Gottlob Honold presented his first prototypes with spark plugs in place of break-spark rodding.

Bosch Automotive History 1897

1897

First successful installation of the Bosch low-voltage magneto ignition device in a motor vehicle.

Robert Bosch and his associate Arnold Zähringer successfully equipped a motor vehicle, a De Dion-Bouton three-wheeler, with a low-voltage magneto ignition device for the first time. Zähringer had an ingenious idea. He decided that the heavy armature did not have to oscillate at all. Instead, he assigned this task to a new part – a light and slender sleeve. This allowed the magneto ignition device to function at high speeds.

Rotary Engine

Like a piston engine, the rotary engine uses the pressure created when a combination of air and fuel is burned. In a piston engine, that pressure is contained in the cylinders and forces pistons to move back and forth. The connecting rods and crankshaft convert the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion that can be used to power a car.

In a rotary engine, the pressure of combustion is contained in a chamber formed by part of the housing and sealed in by one face of the triangular rotor, which is what the engine uses instead of pistons.

The rotor follows a path that looks like something you'd create with a Spirograph. This path keeps each of the three peaks of the rotor in contact with the housing, creating three separate volumes of gas. As the rotor moves around the chamber, each of the three volumes of gas alternately expands and contracts. It is this expansion and contraction that draws air and fuel into the engine, compresses it and makes useful power as the gases expand, and then expels the exhaust.

The Parts of a Rotary Engine

A rotary engine has an ignition system and a fuel-delivery system that are similar to the ones on piston engines. If you've never seen the inside of a rotary engine, be prepared for a surprise, because you won't recognize much.

Rotor
The rotor has three convex faces, each of which acts like a piston. Each face of the rotor has a pocket in it, which increases the displacement of the engine, allowing more space for air/fuel mixture.

At the apex of each face is a metal blade that forms a seal to the outside of the combustion chamber. There are also metal rings on each side of the rotor that seal to the sides of the combustion chamber.

The rotor has a set of internal gear teeth cut into the center of one side. These teeth mate with a gear that is fixed to the housing. This gear mating determines the path and direction the rotor takes through the housing.

Housing
The housing is roughly oval in shape (it's actually anepitrochoid -- check out this Java demonstration of how the shape is derived). The shape of the combustion chamber is designed so that the three tips of the rotor will always stay in contact with the wall of the chamber, forming three sealed volumes of gas.

Each part of the housing is dedicated to one part of the combustion process. The four sections are:

• Intake
• Compression
• Combustion
• Exhaust

The intake and exhaust ports are located in the housing. There are no valves in these ports. The exhaust port connects directly to the exhaust, and the intake port connects directly to the throttle.

The output shaft
(Note the eccentric lobes.)

Output Shaft
The output shaft has round lobes mounted eccentrically, meaning that they are offset from the centerline of the shaft. Each rotor fits over one of these lobes. The lobe acts sort of like the crankshaft in a piston engine. As the rotor follows its path around the housing, it pushes on the lobes. Since the lobes are mounted eccentric to the output shaft, the force that the rotor applies to the lobes creates torque in the shaft, causing it to spin.

Electrical Chart

Ohm's Law

Say that you’re wiring a circuit. You know the amount of current that the component can withstand without blowing up and how much voltage the power source applies. So you have to come up with an amount of resistance that keeps the current below the blowing-up level.

In the early 1800s, George Ohm published an equation called Ohm’s Law that allows you to make this calculation. Ohm’s Law states that the voltage equals current multiplied by resistance, or in standard mathematical notation.

V = I x R

you can rearrange its elements so that if you know any two of the three values in the equation, you can calculate the third. So, here’s how you calculate current: current equals voltage divided by resistance, or

I = V/R

You can also rearrange Ohm’s Law so that you can calculate resistance if you know voltage and current. So, resistance equals voltage divided by current, or

R = V/I

For example using a circuit with a 10-volt battery and a light bulb (basically, a big flashlight). Before installing the battery,you measure the resistance of the circuit with a multimeter and find that it’s 100ohms. Here’s the formula to calculate the current:

I = V/R =  10 volts/100 ohms =0.1 amps (or100mA)

The VIR triangle

You can use the VIR triangle to help you remember the three versions of Ohm's Law.Write down V, I and R in a triangle like the one in the yellow box on the right.

• To calculate voltage, V: put your finger over V,this leaves you with I R, so the equation is V = I × R
• To calculate current, I: put your finger over I,this leaves you with V over R, so the equation is I = V/R
• To calculate resistance, R: put your finger over R,this leaves you with V over I, so the equation is R = V/I
  
  

  Understanding Electrical Power

  Electrical power is what drives a motor or produces sound through speakers or provides light through a light bulb. The current alone can not produce energy as the current is the movement of electrons and when the voltage is absent (V=0) current is static (in fact it does not exist). On the other hand voltage alone without current is static and can not be beneficial for driving electrical appliances, actually a million volts static voltage won't harm you. Hence power is directly proportional to both current (I) and voltage (V) of a circuit. It is inversely proportional to the impedance (resistance) (R) of the circuit. For DC circuits, power can be calculated as follows:
  
  
  P = V x I
  or
   P = V²/R
  or
  P = I² x R

Evolution of the Ferrari

Hot Import Night Penang (PISA)

The catalytic converter is made of an aluminum oxide honeycomb coated with platinum and palladium. These components react to remove CO and HC's from the exhaust stream. A two-way catalytic converter works by oxidizing CO (carbon monoxide) and HC (hydrocarbons or unburned fuel) to carbon dioxide and water. A three-way catalytic converter also removes oxides of nitrogen NOx from the exhaust. Nox is formed at high cylinder temperatures. The EGR system is responsible for inhibiting NOx.

When a vehicle is running rich the catalytic converter is working harder and running hotter than it was intended. This heat can damage the substrate and cause it to melt and degrade. The result can be excessive back pressure caused by a clogged or plugged catalytic converter. Sometimes the substrate will become loose. If the converter rattles when tapped with a plastic hammer it must be replaced.

An easy way to test a catalytic converter for a rich fuel condition is to use a pyrometer to compare the inlet and outlet temperatures. A pyrometer is a handheld infrared thermometer used to measure temperature from a distance. At normal operating temperature the outlet temperature should always be more than the inlet. If this temperature is in excess of 200°F the engine is likely running rich. Late model catalytic converters have less temperature difference between the two.

Symptoms of a clogged catalytic converter include a loss of power and the vehicle will be extremely sluggish because of the restricted exhaust flow. The technician in this question uses a vacuum gauge to confirm an exhaust restriction. If the needle on the gauge drops steadily at 2500 RPM check the exhaust for a restriction. This will likely be a clogged catalytic converter.

Use can also use a back pressure tester to confirm a restricted exhaust system. Remove an upstream oxygen sensor and screw in the back pressure tester fitting. Usually the specifications will require back pressure to be below 1.0 psi. at idle and no more than 4 or 5 psi.at snap throttle. There's a big difference between a late model vehicle and an older model. Always check with vehicle manufactures specifications.

Fractional distillation of crude oil

When crude oil reaches the refinery it is a thick black, smelly liquid.  In this form, it is not much use to anyone.  Crude oil contains mixture of hydrocarbons.  At the refinery these areseparated into fractions which are more useful. This is done by a process called fractional distillation. This process separates compounds by using the difference in boiling points.  See diagram below.

Crude oil enters the fractionating column as gas.  The column is quite hot at the bottom and cooler at the top.  This difference in the temperature up and down the column sorts the different fractions from each other.  

The larger hydrocarbons, with the high boiling points, turn back into liquids at the base of the column and the smaller hydrocarbons stay as gases.  They rise up the column and condenseat different levels, as shown in the above diagram.  At the top of the column there are a number of hydrocarbons with low boiling points - between 20ºC and 70ºC.  These remain as gases.

The discovery of the the crude oil has played a very big part in the development of modern life.  It provides the fuel for most of today's transport as well as the raw material for making various chemical like PLASTICS.